Notfall: Vorsorgemassnahmen bei Katastrophen

[John.Doe]

Vorsorgemassnahmen bei Katastrophen​

Be Informed

Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as making an emergency supply kit and developing a family communications plan, are the same for both a natural or man-made emergency.

However, there are important differences among potential emergencies that will impact the decisions you make and the actions you take. Learn more about the potential emergencies that could happen where you live and the appropriate way to respond to them.

In addition, learn about the emergency plans that have been established in your area by your state and local government.

Emergency preparedness is no longer the sole concern of earthquake prone Californians and those who live in the part of the country known as "Tornado Alley." For Americans, preparedness must now account for man-made disasters as well as natural ones. Knowing what to do during an emergency is an important part of being prepared and may make all the difference when seconds count.
(http://www.ready.gov/america/beinformed/)


Natural Disasters

• Floods
• Tornadoes
• Hurricanes
• Thunderstorms and Lightning
• Winter Storms and Extreme Cold
• Extreme Heat
• Earthquakes
• Volcanoes
• Landslide and Debris Flow (Mudslide)
• Tsunamis
• Fires
• Wildfires

Technological Hazards

• Hazardous Materials Incidents
• Household Chemical Emergencies
• Nuclear Power Plants

Terrorism

• General Information about Terrorism
• Explosions
• Biological Threats
• Chemical Threats
• Nuclear Blast
• Radiological Dispersion Device (RDD)
• Homeland Security Advisory System

Planning what to do in advance is an important part of being prepared. Find out what natural disasters are most common in your area.

For more general information, see "Are you Ready?" from the Federal Emergency Management Agency, or Disaster Safety from the Red Cross.

http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/index.shtm

http://www.ready.gov/america/beinformed/

http://www.prepare.org/




Recommended Items to Include in a Basic Emergency Supply Kit:

• Water
  • One gallon of water per person per day, for drinking and sanitation.
  • Children, nursing mothers, and sick people may need more water.
  • If you live in a warm weather climate more water may be necessary.
  • Store water tightly in clean plastic containers such as soft drink bottles.
  • Keep at least a three-day supply of water per person.
  
  
• Food
  • Store at least a three-day supply of non-perishable food.
  • Select foods that require no refrigeration, preparation or cooking and little or no water.
  • Pack a manual can opener and eating utensils.
  • Avoid salty foods, as they will make you thirsty.
  • Choose foods your family will eat.
    • Ready-to-eat canned meats, fruits and vegetables
    • Protein or fruit bars
    • Dry cereal or granola
    • Peanut butter
    • Dried fruit
    • Nuts
    • Crackers
    • Canned juices
    • Non-perishable pasteurized milk
    • High energy foods
    • Vitamins
    • Food for infants
    • Comfort/stress foods
  
  
• Battery-powered or hand crank radio and a NOAA Weather Radio with tone alert and extra batteries for both
  
  
• Flashlight and extra batteries
  
  
• In any emergency a family member or you yourself may be cut, burned or suffer other injuries. If you have these basic supplies you are better prepared to help your loved ones when they are hurt. Remember, many injuries are not life threatening and do not require immediate medical attention. Knowing how to treat minor injuries can make a difference in an emergency. Consider taking a first aid class, but simply having the following things can help you stop bleeding, prevent infection and assist in decontamination.
  
  Things you should have:
  • Two pairs of Latex, or other sterile gloves (if you are allergic to Latex).
  • Sterile dressings to stop bleeding.
  • Cleansing agent/soap and antibiotic towelettes to disinfect.
  • Antibiotic ointment to prevent infection.
  • Burn ointment to prevent infection.
  • Adhesive bandages in a variety of sizes.
  • Eye wash solution to flush the eyes or as general decontaminant.
  • Thermometer (Read more: Biological Threat)
  • Prescription medications you take every day such as insulin, heart medicine and asthma inhalers. You should periodically rotate medicines to account for expiration dates.
  • Prescribed medical supplies such as glucose and blood pressure monitoring equipment and supplies.
  Things it may be good to have:
  • Cell Phone
  • Scissors
  • Tweezers
  • Tube of petroleum jelly or other lubricant
  Non-prescription drugs:
  • Aspirin or nonaspirin pain reliever
  • Anti-diarrhea medication
  • Antacid (for upset stomach)
  • Laxative
  
  
• Whistle to signal for help
  
  
• Dust mask, to help filter contaminated air and plastic sheeting and duct tape to shelter-in-place
  
  Some potential emergencies could send tiny microscopic "junk" into the air. For example flooding could create airborne mold which could make you sick and an explosion may release very fine debris that can cause lung damage. A biological terrorist attack may release germs that can make you sick if inhaled or absorbed through open cuts. Many of these agents can only hurt you if they get into your body, so think about creating a barrier between yourself and any contamination.
  
  Nose and Mouth Protection
  Face masks or dense-weave cotton material, that snugly covers your nose and mouth and is specifically fit for each member of the family. Do whatever you can to make the best fit possible for children.
  
  Be prepared to improvise with what you have on hand to protect your nose, mouth, eyes and cuts in your skin. Anything that fits snugly over your nose and mouth, including any dense-weave cotton material, can help filter contaminants in an emergency. It is very important that most of the air you breathe comes through the mask or cloth, not around it.
  
  Do whatever you can to make the best fit possible for children. There are also a variety of face masks readily available in hardware stores that are rated based on how small a particle they can filter in an industrial setting.
  
  Given the different types of emergencies that could occur, there is not one solution for creating a barrier between yourself and any contamination in the air. For instance, simple cloth face masks can filter some of the airborne "junk" or germs you might breathe into your body, but will probably not protect you from chemical gases. Still, something over your nose and mouth in an emergency is better than nothing. Limiting how much "junk" gets into your body may impact whether or not you get sick or develop disease.
  
  Other Barriers
  • Heavyweight plastic garbage bags or plastic sheeting
  • Duct tape
  • Scissors
  
  There are circumstances when staying put and creating a barrier between yourself and potentially contaminated air outside, a process known as "shelter-in-place," is a matter of survival. You can use these things to tape up windows, doors and air vents if you need to seal off a room from outside contamination. Consider precutting and labeling these materials. Anything you can do in advance will save time when it counts.
  
  Use available information to assess the situation. If you see large amounts of debris in the air, or if local authorities say the air is badly contaminated, you can use these things to tape up windows, doors and air vents if you need to seal off a room. Read more: Deciding to Stay or Go.
  
  HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filtration) Filter Fans
  
  Once you have sealed a room with plastic sheeting and duct tape you may have created a better barrier between you and any contaminants that may be outside. However, no seal is perfect and some leakage is likely. In addition to which, you may find yourself in a space that is already contaminated to some degree.
  
  Consider a portable air purifier, with a HEPA filter, to help remove contaminants from the room where you are sheltering. These highly efficient filters have small sieves that can capture very tiny particles, including some biological agents. Once trapped within a HEPA filter contaminants cannot get into your body and make you sick. While these filters are excellent at filtering dander, dust, molds, smoke, biological agents and other contaminants, they will not stop chemical gases.
  
  Some people, particularly those with severe allergies and asthma, use HEPA filters in masks, portable air purifiers as well as in larger home or industrial models to continuously filter the air.
  
  
• Moist towelettes, garbage bags and plastic ties for personal sanitation
  
  
• Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities
  
  
• Can opener for food (if kit contains canned food)
  
  
• Local maps

Additional Items to Consider Adding to an Emergency Supply Kit:

• Prescription medications and glasses
  
  
• Infant formula and diapers
  
  
• Pet food and extra water for your pet
  
  
• Important family documents such as copies of insurance policies, identification and bank account records in a waterproof, portable container
  
  
• Cash or traveler's checks and change
  Emergency reference material such as a first aid book or information from www.ready.gov
  
  
• Sleeping bag or warm blanket for each person. Consider additional bedding if you live in a cold-weather climate.
  
  
• Complete change of clothing including a long sleeved shirt, long pants and sturdy shoes. Consider additional clothing if you live in a cold-weather climate.
  
  
• Household chlorine bleach and medicine dropper – When diluted nine parts water to one part bleach, bleach can be used as a disinfectant. Or in an emergency, you can use it to treat water by using 16 drops of regular household liquid bleach per gallon of water. Do not use scented, color safe or bleaches with added cleaners.
  
  
• Fire Extinguisher
  
  
• Matches in a waterproof container
  
  
• Feminine supplies and personal hygiene items
  Mess kits, paper cups, plates and plastic utensils, paper towels
  
  
• Paper and pencil
  
  
• Books, games, puzzles or other activities for children
  

Checklist


Additional Considerations for Businesses

Encourage all of your employees to have a Portable Kit customized to meet personal needs, such as essential medications. In addition:

• Keep copies of important records such as site maps, building plans, insurance policies, employee contact and identification information, bank account records, supplier and shipping contact lists, computer backup files, emergency or law enforcement contact information and other priority documents in a waterproof, fireproof portable container. Store a second set of records at an off-site location.
• Talk to your co-workers about what emergency supplies the company can feasibly provide, if any, and which ones individuals should consider keeping on hand.

Click here for more information about preparing your business for an emergency.

Source:
http://www.ready.gov/america/getakit/
(February 2009)

 

[John.Doe]

Family Safety Plan

Family Safety Plan​

An emergency preparedness plan is your family’s guide to safety. Learn about potential threats that could occur in your area and discuss what each members of the family should do. Remember that you and your family may not be together when disaster strikes and, therefore, you must prepare for a variety of situations.


Creating a Family Plan

• Identify a place for family members to meet if separated by an emergency or security threat
• It may be easier to make a long-distance phone call then a local one, so establish an out-of-state contact who can communicate among separated family members. Make sure that everyone has the contact’s number and the means to place the call (i.e. coins, calling card etc.)
  You may have trouble getting through, or the telephone system may be down altogether, but be patient.
• Research your community’s emergency warning system, evacuation plans and routes, and the location of public shelters near your home, work, and school.
• Find out what types of disasters are most likely to occur in your area and how you will be notified in the event of an emergency.

Deciding to Stay or Go

Depending on your circumstances and the nature of the security threat, the first important decision is whether to stay put or to evacuate. Nevadans should understand and plan for both possibilities. It is imperative in the event of an emergency that you monitor news outlets for up to date information or official instructions, if you’re specifically told to evacuate or seek medical treatment, do so immediately.


Staying Put

Whether at home, work, or elsewhere, there may be situations when it’s simply best to stay where you are and avoid any uncertainty outdoors. At other times staying indoors and creating a barrier between yourself and potentially contaminated air outside, a process known as “shelter-in-place,” is essential to your survival. Use all available information to assess the situation. If your see large amounts of debris in the air, or if local authorities have announced that the air is badly contaminated creating a “shelter-in-place” is necessary.

To “shelter-in-place:”

• Bring all family members and pets inside.
• Lock all doors, close all windows, air vents, and fireplace dampers.
• Turn off all fans, air conditioning, and forced air heating systems.
• Locate emergency supply kit unless you have reason to believe it has been contaminated.
• Go to an interior room with few windows, if possible.
• Seal all windows, doors, and air vents with plastic sheeting and duct tape. Consider measuring and cutting the sheeting in advance to save time.
• Be prepared to improvise and use what you have on hand to seal gaps so that you can create a barrier between yourself and any contamination.
• Local authorities may not immediately be able to provide information on what is happening and what you should do. However, you should watch TV, listen to the radio or check the Internet often for official news and instructions as they become available.

Evacuating

There may be conditions under which you either decide or are ordered to evacuate the area. Plan ahead – How will you assemble your family and where will you go? Choose several destinations in different directions so that you will have options in the event of an emergency.

Create an Evacuation Plan:

• Plan places where your family will meet, both within and outside of your immediate neighborhood.
• If you have a car, keep a half tank of gas in it at all times, in case the need for evacuation presents itself.
• If you do not have a car, plan on how you will leave if you have to.
• Become familiar with alternate routes and other means of transportation out of your area.
• Take your portable emergency supply kit unless you have reason to believe it has been contaminated.
• Lock the door behind you.
• Take your pets with you, but be advised – Only service animals may be permitted in public shelters. Plan on how you will care for your pets in an emergency.
  If time allows
  • Call or email your out-of-state contact in your family plan and tell them where you are going.
  • *If there is damage to your home, and you are instructed to do so, shut off water, gas, and electricity before leaving.
  • Leave a note to inform others when you left and where you are going.
  • Check with neighbors who may need a ride.
  *Learn how and when to turn off utilities:
  
  If there is damage to your home or you are instructed to turn off your utilities:
  • Locate the electric, gas, and water shut off valves.
    
  • Keep necessary tools near gas and water shut off valves.
    
  • Teach family members how to turn off utilities.
    
  • you turn the gas off, a professional must turn it back on. Do not attempt to do this yourself.

At work and School

Like individuals and families, schools, daycare providers, workplaces, neighborhoods, and apartment buildings should all have site-specific emergency plans.

Inquire about plans at the places where your family spends the most time: work, school, and other places you frequent. If none currently exist, consider volunteering to help develop one. You will be better prepared to safely reunite with your family and loved ones during an emergency if you think ahead, and communicate with others in advance.


Employers

If you are an employer, make sure your workplace has a building evacuation plan, and that it is regularly practiced.

• Take a critical look at your heating, ventilation and air conditioning system to determine if it is secure or if it could feasibly be upgraded to better filter potential contaminants, and be sure your know how to turn it off if the need arises.
• Think about what you would do in the event that a crisis prevented your employees from going home.
• Make sure your workplace is stocked with the appropriate supplies.

Schools and Daycare

If you are a parent, or guardian of an elderly or disabled adult, make sure schools or daycare providers have emergency response plans.

• Ask how they will communicate with families during a crisis.
• Ask if they store adequate food, water and other basic supplies.
• Find out if they are prepared to “shelter-in-place” if need be, and where they plan to go in the case of an evacuation.

For more information on developing emergency preparedness plans for schools, please visit the U.S. Department of Education at http://www.ed.gov/emergencyplan.


Neighborhoods and Apartment Buildings

In the event of a crisis, Nevadans must work together to better ensure the safety of all.

• Talk to your neighbors about how you can work together during an emergency.
• Find out if anyone has specialized equipment like a power generator, or expertise such as medical knowledge, that might help in the event of a crisis.
• Decide who will check on elderly or disabled neighbors.
• Make back-up plans for children in case an emergency prevents you from getting home.
• Sharing plans and communicating in advance a good strategy